跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

' ?: V, |5 n1 c( ? mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网/ U0 f4 J2 j6 a0 l g. P7 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ( E! U4 o; s T3 ]1 X& F font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。 N5 s" \% \3 y7 g4 J0 V mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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3 z: p' K' O* {9 Z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：( T" J, \1 {3 z8 P4 p0 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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' f, t# Z' ?8 g2 U. E* \5 n7 R4 Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # d) f6 `5 b) S, ]$ `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第: Y6 Z( z6 k2 l& lmso-font-kerning:0pt">5/ w' }9 i$ {1 ] font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：5 O. ~; y& q8 w3 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">

2•5 + _0 X" C, F5 G# E# n ETahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ( ]# E8 {' q4 _4 p7 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：" V- p- `- }# @+ b( z mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' W( m" x! r$ C$ y/ ` _mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。; M/ b8 a5 S; B+ s4 d0 H mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 `$ k7 D% A. m+ o! t) u4 [ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 8 u5 Z/ a G4 b4 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：. w; k& A, d* o5 P2 u- A) Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“! P6 X9 m+ c: w4 i6 W( y& S' Omso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。6 ]; p$ r5 n- L% h6 |0 [+ rcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 s* @3 y' I* ]6 n Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：+ v+ V! D4 M# \+ @7 [" H mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 Y: K; Q3 r; h; Z) D& f mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ! b1 i& V, g0 z7 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？/ I. L, h# b7 v0 r mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) ~, U4 X, [# J. @6 o mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：1 Q* V, E. F: \; i* @+ J mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ q4 A& h0 f5 pmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。* [& G, I+ A& O; |, v color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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+ {( u& Q$ X- aTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。0 h- h5 I! W0 S5 ?" Y+ Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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* K* {- V. ]! kTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：( Q/ ~+ i8 }" g 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! G g2 J( p9 ]6 p" R mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , Q+ _9 U4 P. V' l$ S: T- Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。8 A) w$ P1 s0 }8 K+ ]6 v' E! @8 s, T( x4 p 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”, X c% z9 ?2 V0 O+ ` jmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：+ F. ^. r" z/ P C0pt">"( v6 V: I) d1 H" L' W+ S; umso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 6 ?& ^7 T% q b1 G! T$ dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。! }# Y: j* ?$ E, T# A7 R7 [$ { mso-font-kerning:0pt">": Z8 e* _& l- k4 n! Q font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 B, T! I3 D: }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：7 d; |3 o/ V0 ]/ K& @+ }5 e mso-font-kerning:0pt">"( Q' Q3 {1 |- t! ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢) T; @$ n2 C- x# nmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ) t8 U1 _. s9 |$ zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 A' V" b$ }% y4 |( t; ~$ amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：) ]! ~3 \1 Y' N3 R! K" ~7 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 p$ ?: ^. |/ E* g font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。' f ]1 e7 A _8 j mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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$ S0 S, K/ E- h- u 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
. A2 X& I* f4 q; e- Q 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! K* A1 u2 _) q! o2 Z% w: Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是# [. I8 K T1 e* i 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! Y0 N: F. T+ S3 h8 m font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违1 E* g) Y* g& G) R& n3 w, m 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 [9 r+ W- a: c$ [3 h7 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 O$ }# v+ v* u! ~: emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？3 |, S6 X6 |, {0 d/ ^6 F10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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4 n9 Q! x7 @: T. K: a3 y Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得; Q) E0 p. A/ R- k( M+ g mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; Z2 N; x; h1 L6 L' c [+ R font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违' h9 k, l2 Q+ ?* i1 [ mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 g4 S* ^' R+ V$ ~ H) m font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; h( b0 r. m; p" a, p0 h5 k7 L/ ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲3 @( ?* l& G$ {4 |6 K; b3 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 \2 D- g1 U; n3 W3 N, }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 x, v' A! p) Z( I- K$ t7 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违4 ^% F& _/ [' D% F! C4 K" Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 Z2 X) ~0 R8 D E: Z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 6 c2 f- b* K/ W+ d4 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，* e, c/ z4 b+ _1 l% pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; S/ s5 [$ r. V( S! v4 N7 }3 ?4 rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ( n. E( q( [. g' G" h( jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) y3 @( Z5 _/ ^, Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”- ]- N$ q! L: T" D$ T8 \: Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , _* f9 z; |- y/ ~9 r' O; ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。2 e( \: h% T: k' ?( g; m6 Z, _9 v" { mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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- A9 h4 M; K5 R/ `0 @: l/ w$ B3 G) a4 |4 t10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; + W3 ?" D8 u2 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？3 @/ s c* c' | 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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" T/ z5 X+ \6 L+ p/ u& [% g0 D Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; / S1 o. ]' o% X! X6 a. T. U3 l% pmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。1 o1 e) e- w9 S8 s# [9 Y3 M mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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' x* K. D+ \5 r3 L' U- P: H' zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; R% Q! e4 n+ N; jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：0 J. }0 C9 g: p9 h* b4 ` ~! P* h mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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# ] X* B% A% b0 P" e" j10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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% A5 f6 @& U1 Y. B mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义$ G! z7 N+ y3 ^: D. ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# Q: ]2 l) T/ E8 o& U( Amso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：/ R' m9 z' W+ O0pt">

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& Z3 i8 l/ p* _& e7 o9 Cmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 2 w" n) C/ T! z5 H' STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！5 `4 I; M# n/ l. q0 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——" Z+ N& w; w# L- T. W# dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; : a8 B& I/ e/ K2 v' ?5 ]) n% rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。 I( \, L8 x! J+ m1 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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" J, _* X3 J7 i- c, G( m j, Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; / g! ~& k) \* f+ {: @* ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：+ \. D1 A" D/ n" I mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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* ^; K, q" ]2 b/ [10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

+ F6 O7 |; q% ~7 H mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ( _ G: b8 r9 ~& G/ M+ HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述" |3 S3 g/ V2 |. }: [. Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">2; q9 u k8 \! L, W8 q5 V$ P font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊, ^& C, D7 e1 ]' d6 ? mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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; h: _( b- K; f8 h% k mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。& h& l# M( V" O7 ]3 S3 @ mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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+ I! Z" @6 ~$ J( b4 [Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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; P B: ?9 T3 m, B% j mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。# U; d4 u; D) [ { mso-font-kerning:0pt">——" [7 G1 ]! P( n font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # G# E! z/ p0 E! T" qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。" p' p* ~! u/ z6 G0 p+ d/ Z0 g) zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 z G* @5 H! N font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：( d3 A, n; q& Q; R8 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 D0 U# Z1 Z1 G" n5 W3 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。 L! x* H3 m8 z3 W5 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# i8 J5 }/ |, z2 r" @* sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个4 k: N4 \ o% K3 Q; g6 ~ mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 r$ T; w7 {* R: Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬; g% d3 i1 C$ r& H: ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* `; N6 }! z/ c7 ^# Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 3 N5 h& V( T; P1 u$ \3 y4 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为: L6 \% ]# [5 o1 ~* a- Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“- S3 y, G1 T( Y! S$ ~' g3 A0 Q! y# u: wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道/ E) P/ a; H9 V @% ~2 F* ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ @! M; h. A6 B4 v font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; + X! \* c& A0 ~; ?3 R9 T* U8 y# `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。4 f1 n; `% A2 j9 Z mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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1 ~$ `% I S7 u0 J/ TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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* |4 u% B2 M' t* t7 M3 _! ^. kmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：+ m" a5 z) `$ B$ M0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服
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我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服