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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： : t8 P" u' J& o1 q; E& Dmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:7 \+ s+ ^/ R2 W
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- D7 U1 {, v0 k+ y( c9 dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 @" t J8 _1 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">1% k" m" U8 _- A2 X. h, h+ cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 K3 k8 U5 [+ b+ o5 H' w
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8 k1 ]/ M$ Q [/ ?( }1 ]+ d& `mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。; M" L3 f0 h: T. Jcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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V& s* d+ Y% R$ C" P5 R( eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。( M" ]( d: ^' `: R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。) W% m D( U( hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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5 O6 i0 |0 ?- Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？" z# G: {9 u3 S9 @" Y+ ?* Y
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1 J9 Q8 G: k" _0 ~" nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。& y3 @+ U+ @% w& u+ f
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* q- I8 O, J# q( r2 ]! sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服+ Y" E5 d% b$ { J8 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt"> & A1 h& i; N/ S6 B2 G
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6 w# E8 `) a) u8 Z3 u9 m6 C3 O6 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新. ~$ P {% s7 Y2 e: Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( q4 S; b2 U+ U( Y$ OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白) w2 `/ d6 O- n+ f
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" H* _- h# @* F# T4 e4 K. bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学" m- {' @4 M+ \
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" M! f- Y+ ~5 T0 f: DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么0 _4 L. G4 E ~- B [mso-font-kerning:0pt">——' m- g9 l$ |; n r/ G
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8 ^ }6 h; I( z' m% v! n% TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚1 U0 [; _% D- @0 F* w# w$ n- \
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！* ~; w/ I* Y3 g8 N
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假. V3 O0 `! d- }' J L: k& m2 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 e; J0 |: O4 h, v# ~
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% w! k" n# Q! `& J* G3 `# Z% b8 C8 vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是( B0 A7 n6 W; a5 V9 G2 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题1 f& k* u2 a( \, B
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5 M4 E" M0 d a9 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。" I- C6 d9 L# T. e( [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴) L; h( n5 e" J
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6 A9 u# Y1 B2 ^7 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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